!"
#
$
#%
# #% !
& ' (
# )*
+
f
I
a
I
,
f
a
'( )
f a
0
( ) ( )
lim '( )
h
f a h f a
f a
h
→
+ −
=
( ) ( )
lim '( )
x a
f x f a
f a
x a
→
−
=
−
f
, a
! " # $
a
%
#
&
f
! "'
x
I
' # $
! "
I
(
': '( )
f x f x
"
f
! ) !*
%
( )
C
# )
f
! "* #
a
+
( ; ; )
O I J
!...
More
!"
#
$
#%
# #% !
& ' (
# )*
+
f
I
a
I
,
f
a
'( )
f a
0
( ) ( )
lim '( )
h
f a h f a
f a
h
→
+ −
=
( ) ( )
lim '( )
x a
f x f a
f a
x a
→
−
=
−
f
, a
! " # $
a
%
#
&
f
! "'
x
I
' # $
! "
I
(
': '( )
f x f x
"
f
! ) !*
%
( )
C
# )
f
! "* #
a
+
( ; ; )
O I J
! "
'( )
f a
, #
. $
( )
T
( )
C
.
( ; ( ))
a f a
/
'( )( ) ( )
y f a x a f a
= − +
/ %
'( ) 0
f a =
- 0
( )
T
. " 1 2 34
( ; ( ))
a f a
0
0
( ) ( )
lim
x a
f x f x
x x
→
−
= ±∞
−
- 0
( )
T
. " 5 34
0 0
( ; ( ))
x f x
! "* #&
f
(
a
( ) ( )
lim
x a
f x f a
l
x a
<
→
−
=
−
6 (
( )
C
- 7 1 #
1 2 . (
a
! "* #&
f
a
( ) ( )
lim
x a
f x f a
l
x a
>
→
−
=
−
6 (
( )
C
- 7 1 #
1 2 .
a
Less
