26 Rice Today April-June 2007 27Rice Today April-June 2007
I
n the 1870s, scientists exploring
Amazonia in South America
made an unusual discovery.
Working independently, James
Orton, Charles Hartt, and Herbert
Smith described patches of black
or dark...
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26 Rice Today April-June 2007 27Rice Today April-June 2007
I
n the 1870s, scientists exploring
Amazonia in South America
made an unusual discovery.
Working independently, James
Orton, Charles Hartt, and Herbert
Smith described patches of black
or dark brown soils, varying in size
from 5 to more than 300 hectares,
within a landscape otherwise
typified by highly weathered
reddish or bleached soils.
A detailed report from Smith, a
geologist, characterized these “dark
earths in Amazonia” as having a
top-layer of a fine, dark loam, up
to 60 centimeters thick.
He also
described them as the best soils
of the Amazon, producing much
higher crop yields than surrounding
soils, and speculated that they
owed their fertility “to the refuse
of a thousand kitchens for maybe
a thousand years.
” That they were
human-made was indicated by the
abundance of fragments of Indian
pottery that “cover the ground .
.
.
like shells on a surf-washed beach.
”
Despite the unusual nature
of these findings, they init
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