commerce

‫ﺍﻷﺨـﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺍﺒـﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺘـﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺭﻜﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬... More

‫ﺍﻷﺨـﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺍﺒـﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺘـﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺭﻜﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬. ‫ﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻠﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺔ‬،‫ﻴﻅﻬـﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ‬ ،‫ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹼ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘل‬ ‫ﻜﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻭﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﻴﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋـﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻴـﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤـﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬،‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺤـﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻀ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺭﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬‫ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬. ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺘﺎ Less