Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.
1, No.
2, 2011
23 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
The Optical Constants of Highly Absorbing Films Using the
Spectral Reflectance Measured By Double Beam
Spectrophotometer
ElSayed Moustafa1*
1.
Faculty of science , El-Azhar university,...
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Journal of Natural Sciences Research www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol. 1, No. 2, 2011 23 | P a g e www. iiste. org The Optical Constants of Highly Absorbing Films Using the Spectral Reflectance Measured By Double Beam Spectrophotometer ElSayed Moustafa1* 1. Faculty of science , El-Azhar university, physics department, Assuit, 71511, Egypt * e-mail of the corresponding author: Sayed19652000@yahoo. com Abstract The optical constants of the metal thin films of Rhodium have been determined, the phase angles was determined using the measured spectral reflectance R(λ) by Kramers-Kronig relations. Then, the real part of the refractive index is calculated by the approach of Heavens when the film is highly absorbing, in that range the real refractive was found to be in order of the extinction coefficient k. The interference reflectance spectra at normal incidence for different thicknesses of amorphous metal films deposited by thermal evaporation have been ob
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Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.
2, No.
9, 2011
33 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Training Manual for Effective Service Delivery and Security
Measures in the Nigerian Police Force
John Egbeazien Oshodi
Department of Psychology, Nasarawa State University....
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Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www. iiste. org ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online) Vol. 2, No. 9, 2011 33 | P a g e www. iiste. org Training Manual for Effective Service Delivery and Security Measures in the Nigerian Police Force John Egbeazien Oshodi Department of Psychology, Nasarawa State University. Keffi Nasarawa State, Nigeria E-mail: jos5930458@aol. com Abstract There is increasing concern about insecurity in the nation and the modern Nigerian police force, now in its 81st year, still needs improvement in the area of psychological readiness in order to effectively protect life and property of the people. In this article it is argued that a highly functional police system usually begins with a psychologically competent police man or woman; as such, a psychological-based manual is being proposed. In the 21st century the road to the internal security of the nation will only open widely when the police organization enhances its functional performance
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Journal of Education and Practice www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 2, No 9, 2011
9 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Development and Modification of Curriculum for Excellence in
Teacher Education
Bandhana, Sr.
Lecturer, KCS College of Education (Women), Jammu
E-mail:bandhana1@gmail.
com
Abstract:
Today’s...
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Journal of Education and Practice www. iiste. org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol 2, No 9, 2011 9 | P a g e www. iiste. org Development and Modification of Curriculum for Excellence in Teacher Education Bandhana, Sr. Lecturer, KCS College of Education (Women), Jammu E-mail:bandhana1@gmail. com Abstract: Today’s competitive world demands quality education. Therefore Quality teacher education has become an enduring theme as we have to strive for better teachers for better education of children. The quality of school education has direct links to the knowledge, competence and skills of teachers and their initial training preparations. The quality and coverage of any system of teacher education is always decided by the content of teacher education curriculum and the operational modes used for its delivery by the system. Curriculum cannot be stagnant or once for all process of education. It is an evolutionary phase of education phase at all levels from KG to PG. It
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Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 1, No.
1, 2011
35 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Cost of malaria morbidity in Uganda
Nabyonga Orem Juliet (Corresponding author)
World Health Organization, Country Office, Kampala, Uganda
P.
O Box 24578 Kampala Uganda
Tel:...
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Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol 1, No. 1, 2011 35 | P a g e www. iiste. org Cost of malaria morbidity in Uganda Nabyonga Orem Juliet (Corresponding author) World Health Organization, Country Office, Kampala, Uganda P. O Box 24578 Kampala Uganda Tel: +256414335500 E-mail: nabyongaj@ug. afro. who. int Muthuri Kirigia Joses World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, P. O Box 06, Cité du Djoué, Brazzaville, CONGO Tel: +2427700170 E-mail: kirigiaj@afro. who. int Azairwe Robert Management Sciences for Health, National Malaria Control Programme – Ministry of Health Southern Sudan Tel: + 0477107393 E-mail: RAzairwe@msh. org Muheki Zikusooka Charlotte Healthnet Consult - Uganda Tel: +256777205747 Email: charlotte@healthnetconsult. com Bataringaya Wavamunno Juliet World Health Organization, Country Office, Kampala, Uganda P. O Box 24578 Kampala Uganda Tel: +256414335500 E-mail: bataringayaj@ug. afro. wh
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Chemistry and Materials Research www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224- 3224 (Print) ISSN 2225- 0956 (Online)
Vol 1, No.
1, 2011
27 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Supercritical Fluid Technology in Biodiesel Production: A
Review
Padmarag Deshpande1 *
, Kavita Kulkarni2
, A.
D.
Kulkarni2
1.
M.
Tech Student, Department of Chemical Engineering, BVDU,...
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Chemistry and Materials Research www. iiste. org ISSN 2224- 3224 (Print) ISSN 2225- 0956 (Online) Vol 1, No. 1, 2011 27 | P a g e www. iiste. org Supercritical Fluid Technology in Biodiesel Production: A Review Padmarag Deshpande1 * , Kavita Kulkarni2 , A. D. Kulkarni2 1. M. Tech Student, Department of Chemical Engineering, BVDU, Pune, India 2. Associate Professor, BVDU College of Engineering, Pune, India Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, College of Engineering, Pune, 411043, India * E-mail- padmarag_26@yahoo. co. in E-mail- kskulkarni@bvucoep. edu. in Abstract The finite nature of fossil fuels necessitates consideration of alternative fuels from renewable sources. The term biofuel refers to liquid, gas and solid fuels predominantly produced from biomass. Biofuels include bioethanol, biomethanol, biodiesel and biohydrogen. Biodiesel, defined as the monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats, is an attractive alternative fuel because it is environmentally friendly and ca
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From Decker Alexander
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Pages: 6
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Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.
1, No.
1, 2011
34 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Intertidal Amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from
Pondicherry Mangroves, Southeast Coast of India
P.
Satheeshkumar
Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Pondicherry Central...
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Journal of Natural Sciences Research www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011 34 | P a g e www. iiste. org Intertidal Amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Pondicherry Mangroves, Southeast Coast of India P. Satheeshkumar Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Pondicherry Central University, P. O. Box 60501, Pondicherry, India * Email of the corresponding author: revathysathish86@gmail. com Abstract Seven species of amphipod crustaceans from Pondicherry mangroves, (Southeast coast of India) are described and illustrated. Eriopisa chilkensis, Eriopisella sp, belonging to family Gammaroidea. Melita dentada belonging to family Melitidae, two species of family Aoridae (Grandidierella bonnieroides, G. pathyi), one species of family Ampithoidae (Cymadusa pathyi) and one species of family Isaeidae (Isala montagui) were recorded. Head microsculpturing characters are the discriminating sets of characters useful for species identification.
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Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.
1, No.
1, 2011
6 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Application of NP Fertilizers for Better Production of Teff
(Eragrostis tef (zucc.
) trotter) on Different Types of Soils in
Southern Ethiopia
Abay Ayalew
E-mail: simretaba@yahoo.
com
Kelsa...
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Journal of Natural Sciences Research www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011 6 | P a g e www. iiste. org Application of NP Fertilizers for Better Production of Teff (Eragrostis tef (zucc. ) trotter) on Different Types of Soils in Southern Ethiopia Abay Ayalew E-mail: simretaba@yahoo. com Kelsa Kena E-mail: kelsak2003@yahoo. com Tesfaye Dejene E-mail: dtesfaye75@yahoo. com Abstract Teff is one of the important crops grown in the southern region. Experiments were conducted at Bobicho research site (Hossana), Areka and Awassa on Profondic Luvisols, Haplic Alisols, and Vitric Andosols, respectively, to determine NP fertilizers requirement for tef production. Urea and triple super phosphate (TSP) were used as sources of N and P, respectively, at Hossana; whereas urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP) were used at Awassa and Areka as sources of N and P, respectively. Nitrogen was applied at rates of 0, 23, 46 and 69 kg/ha; whereas P was applied at 0
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From Decker Alexander
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Pages: 10
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Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 1, No.
1, 2011
25 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Financial Analysis of Selected Pharmaceutical Companies in
Bangladesh
Md.
Tofael Hossain Majumder
Department of Accounting and Information Systems, Faculty of Business Studies...
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Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol 1, No. 1, 2011 25 | P a g e www. iiste. org Financial Analysis of Selected Pharmaceutical Companies in Bangladesh Md. Tofael Hossain Majumder Department of Accounting and Information Systems, Faculty of Business Studies Comilla University, Comilla, Bangladesh. Email: tofael_cou@yahoo. com Mohammed Mizanur Rahman School of Business and Economics, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology Dhaka, Bangladesh. Email: mizancu@yahoo. com Abstract The Pharmaceutical industry plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of Bangladesh. But the net profit of this industry has decreased for the last few years. This study is designed to review the financial performance of this industry, to test its strengths and weaknesses. The financial performance of this industry is measured in terms of Ratio (Profitability, Liquidity, Solvency and Activity ratio) Analysis and
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Journal of Information Engineering and Applications www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-5758 (print) ISSN 2224-896X (online)
Vol 1, No.
4, 2011
18 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Software Modules Clustering: An Effective Approach for
Reusability
Jai Bhagwan1*
Ashish Oberoi2
1.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar...
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Journal of Information Engineering and Applications www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-5758 (print) ISSN 2224-896X (online) Vol 1, No. 4, 2011 18 | P a g e www. iiste. org Software Modules Clustering: An Effective Approach for Reusability Jai Bhagwan1* Ashish Oberoi2 1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana (Ambala) – 133 207, Haryana, India 2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana (Ambala) – 133 207, Haryana, India * E-mail of the corresponding author: jaimtech@hotmail. com Phone: +91 98139 43210 Abstract Cluster analysis is a system used for cataloging of data in which data elements are screened into groups called clusters that represent collections of data elements that are based on a distance or dissimilarity. The cluster analysis approach is an important tool in decision making and an effective creativity technique in generating ideas and obtaining solutions. This research covers
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Civil and Environmental Research www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-5790 (Print) ISSN 2225-0514 (Online)
Vol 1, No.
1, 2011
32 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Environmental Noise Pollution Monitoring and Impacts On
Human Health in Dehradun City, Uttarakhand, India.
Dev Pramendra (Corresponding author)
School of Studies in Earth Science, Vikram...
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Civil and Environmental Research www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-5790 (Print) ISSN 2225-0514 (Online) Vol 1, No. 1, 2011 32 | P a g e www. iiste. org Environmental Noise Pollution Monitoring and Impacts On Human Health in Dehradun City, Uttarakhand, India. Dev Pramendra (Corresponding author) School of Studies in Earth Science, Vikram University Dewas Road, Ujjain, M. P. 456010, India Tel: 91-9407 131514 E-mail: drpdev@yahoo. com Singh Vartika School of Studies in Earth Science, Vikram University Dewas Road, Ujjain, M. P. 456010, India Email: vartika_vartu@yahoo. co. in Abstract Noise pollution monitoring and environmental impacts on human health in Dehradun City of India are discussed. Major source of noise pollution includes transportation and frequent use of horn in vehicles. Dehradun is at a cross road and prominent national institutions like Survey of India, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Forest Research Institute, Indian Military Academy, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Wa
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From Decker Alexander
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Pages: 8
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Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.
1, No.
1, 2011
1 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
A Common Fixed Point Theorem for Compatible Mapping
Vishal Gupta*
Department Of Mathematics, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana,
Ambala, Haryana, (India)
* E-mail of the...
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Journal of Natural Sciences Research www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011 1 | P a g e www. iiste. org A Common Fixed Point Theorem for Compatible Mapping Vishal Gupta* Department Of Mathematics, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, (India) * E-mail of the corresponding author: vishal. gmn@gmail. com, vkgupta09@rediffmail. com Abstract The main aim of this paper is to prove a common fixed point theorem involving pairs of compatible mappings of type (A) using five maps and a contractive condition. This article represents a useful generalization of several results announced in the literature. Key words: Complete metric space, Compatible mapping of type (A), Commuting mapping, Cauchy Sequence, Fixed points. 1. Introduction By using a compatibility condition due to Jungck many researchers establish lot of common fixed point theorems for mappings on complete and compact metric spaces. The study of common fixed point
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Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-5766(Paper) ISSN 2225-0484(Online)
Vol.
1, No.
1, 2011
1 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
A Study on Global Communication in English Language
H.
L.
Narayanrao
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan’s college, University of Mumbai
Munshi Nagar, Andheri (w), Mumbai- 400058.
India.
,...
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Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-5766(Paper) ISSN 2225-0484(Online) Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011 1 | P a g e www. iiste. org A Study on Global Communication in English Language H. L. Narayanrao Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan’s college, University of Mumbai Munshi Nagar, Andheri (w), Mumbai- 400058. India. , rau03@rediffmail. com Abstract Communication means an Action plus reaction equal to INTERACTION, that is Communication. We humans are the gregarious animals and require the company of others to communicate and to share the views. The original model was designed to mirror the functioning of radio and telephone technologies. Their initial model consisted of three primary parts: sender, channel, and receiver. The sender was the part of a telephone a person spoke into, the channel was the telephone itself, and the receiver was the part of the phone where one could hear the other person. Shannon and Weaver also recognized that often there is static that interfere
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Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-5766(Paper) ISSN 2225-0484(Online)
Vol.
1, No.
2, 2011
41 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Role of Right to Information Act 2005 in the Human
Development: Indian Perspective
Ved Pal Singh
Faculty of Law, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, PIN Code : 124001(Haryana) INDIA...
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Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-5766(Paper) ISSN 2225-0484(Online) Vol. 1, No. 2, 2011 41 | P a g e www. iiste. org Role of Right to Information Act 2005 in the Human Development: Indian Perspective Ved Pal Singh Faculty of Law, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, PIN Code : 124001(Haryana) INDIA Email : vpdeswal@gmail. com Abstract The right to information is a potent weapon in the hand of the citizenry to gain access to public records. It not only provides information but also fosters accountability and transparency and strengthens the democratic principles of a polity. Swedan was the first country to grant right to access government information to its people way back in 1812. Subsequently many jurisdictions made this right available to its citizens so that they are well informed as to be the sentinels of democracy. This legislation forms the shape of special legislation imposing the obligations on every public authority to provide informati
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Public Policy and Administration Research www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-5731(Paper) ISSN 2225-0972(Online)
Vol.
1, No.
1, 2011
1 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Gender Differences in Burnout among HIV/AIDS
Counselors in North India
Coral Manhas (corresponding author)
Department of Psychology,University of Jammu
Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Mb:...
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Public Policy and Administration Research www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-5731(Paper) ISSN 2225-0972(Online) Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011 1 | P a g e www. iiste. org Gender Differences in Burnout among HIV/AIDS Counselors in North India Coral Manhas (corresponding author) Department of Psychology,University of Jammu Jammu and Kashmir, India. Mb: 09419107531; E-mail: coralmanhas23@gmail. com Arti Bakhshi Department of Psychology,University of Jammu Jammu and Kashmir, India. Mb: 09419133266; E-mail: artibakhshi@gmail. com Abstract A notable body of research investigating the impact on health care workers who work with patients who have HIV/AIDS [(Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)] has developed over the past 30 years (Bayer & Oppenheimer, 2002; Bennett, Miller & Ross, 1995; Demi, Gueritault Chalvin & Kalichman, 2002; Lynch & Wilson, 1996; Miller, 2000). Studies have strived to identify the stressors correlated with HIV/AIDS care as well as to document the
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Journal of Information Engineering and Applications www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-5758 (print) ISSN 2224-896X (online)
Vol 1, No.
4, 2011
28 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Study Of Statistical Models For Route Prediction Algorithms
In VANET
Uma Nagaraj*
,Nivedita N.
Kadam
Dept.
of Computer Engg.
M.
A.
E , Alandi (D), Pune, India.
...
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Journal of Information Engineering and Applications www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-5758 (print) ISSN 2224-896X (online) Vol 1, No. 4, 2011 28 | P a g e www. iiste. org Study Of Statistical Models For Route Prediction Algorithms In VANET Uma Nagaraj* ,Nivedita N. Kadam Dept. of Computer Engg. M. A. E , Alandi (D), Pune, India. Umanagaraj67@gmail. com Abstract Vehicle-to-vehicle communication is a concept greatly studied during the past years. Vehicles equipped with devices capable of short-range wireless connectivity can form a particular mobile ad-hoc network, called a “Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork” (or VANET). The users of a VANET, drivers or passengers, can be provided with useful information and with a wide range of interesting services. Route prediction is the missing piece in several proposed ideas for intelligent vehicles. In this paper, we are studying the algorithms that predict a vehicle’s entire route as it is driven. Such predictions are useful for giving the driver warning
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Pages: 6
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Network and Complex Systems www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-610X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0603 (Online)
Vol 1, No.
1, 2011
Page | 18
www.
iiste.
org
A Model Simulation of Temperature in Ilorin, Nigeria
Yusuf Abdulhamid
College of natural and Applied Sciences, Fountain University
P.
M.
B.
4491, Osogbo, Osun State Nigeria
Tel: 08060413828 E-Mail:...
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Network and Complex Systems www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-610X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0603 (Online) Vol 1, No. 1, 2011 Page | 18 www. iiste. org A Model Simulation of Temperature in Ilorin, Nigeria Yusuf Abdulhamid College of natural and Applied Sciences, Fountain University P. M. B. 4491, Osogbo, Osun State Nigeria Tel: 08060413828 E-Mail: yabdulhamid10@yahoo. com Aiyelabegan Amuda Tunde Department of Physics, College of Education Lafiagi Kwara State Nigeria Tel: 08033822813 E-Mail: aiyelabegantunde@yahoo. com Abstract Long time series of daily metrological data that are needed in various applications are not always available or appropriate for use at many locations. The temperature simulation model generated for the period of year 2000, 2001 and 2002 was evaluated. Its validity was tested on the monthly mean temperature for the year 2007 and 2008. Observed values and predicted values for the monthly mean temperature were tested graphically for the three years. Various statistical techniq
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Mathematical Theory and Modeling www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-5804 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0522 (Online)
Vol.
1, No.
1, 2011
19 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Fuzzy Inventory Model with Shortages in Man Power Planning
Punniakrishnan.
K1*
Kadambavanam.
K2
1.
Associate Professor in Mathematics, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
2....
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Mathematical Theory and Modeling www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-5804 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0522 (Online) Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011 19 | P a g e www. iiste. org Fuzzy Inventory Model with Shortages in Man Power Planning Punniakrishnan. K1* Kadambavanam. K2 1. Associate Professor in Mathematics, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India. 2. Associate Professor in Mathematics, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India. * E-mail of the corresponding author: punniakrishnan@gmail. com Abstract In this paper, an EOQ (Economical Order Quitting) model with shortages (of employees) can be studied. The cost due to decrease in real wage and the cost involved in moving to a new job are considered, with a constraint that, the decrease in the real income over a period of time is limited. In real life, these costs are uncertain to a certain extent. This uncertainty has been discussed by utilizing the concept of fuzzy set theory. Fuzzy non-linear programming technique using Lagrange multipliers is used to
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Pages: 11
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Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.
iiste.
org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.
1, No.
1, 2011
45 | P a g e
www.
iiste.
org
Fuzzy Interpretation of Absorption in Solar Cells
S.
Bhuvaneswari
Pondicherry University, Karaikal, U.
T of Puducherry, India,PIN 609 605
e-mail:booni_67@yahoo.
co.
in
R.
Rengaiyan...
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Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www. iiste. org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011 45 | P a g e www. iiste. org Fuzzy Interpretation of Absorption in Solar Cells S. Bhuvaneswari Pondicherry University, Karaikal, U. T of Puducherry, India,PIN 609 605 e-mail:booni_67@yahoo. co. in R. Rengaiyan Arignar Anna Govt Arts College, Karaikal, U. T of Puducherry, India,PIN 609 605 e-mail:rengbhu@yahoo. co. in P. M. Anbarasan Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract This paper caters feed for the issue of ‘Energy Conservation’ taking into consideration the ideology of enhancing the availability and the utility of ‘Non-Conventional’ energy resources, as this is the medium the future globe ought to dominantly depend upon. The solar energy identified as the one in sustaining the required features of energy conservation is taken as the key factor of whose industrial element is the solar cell. This paper deals with the quanta factor of sun light
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