Recent projects of very long railway tunnels (from 20 to 50 km or more)
at great depth (thousand meters and more) have only emphasized what
has been recognized for many years with existing long railway and
road tunnels (from 5 to 15 km or more): the work...
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Recent projects of very long railway tunnels (from 20 to 50 km or more)
at great depth (thousand meters and more) have only emphasized what
has been recognized for many years with existing long railway and
road tunnels (from 5 to 15 km or more): the work is a complex civil
engineering system, to be designed under uncertain conditions with
stringent requirements for safety during construction and operation.
Long and deep tunnels are consequently characterized by extreme
conditions for risk assessment and risk management during the lifetime
of the project. This refers to the early planning and ground investigations;
the design, including the intermediate access shafts or adits; the rescue
or multi-purpose chambers; and other safety features for construction
and operation.
This report is intended to serve the international tunnelling community as
a guideline for planning, design, construction and operation of long and
deep tunnels. It recommends an approach or a methodology
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